The Blood Grouping with Rh Type test is a standard laboratory procedure used to determine an individual’s blood group and Rh factor. Blood group classification is based on the presence or absence of specific antigens (A and B antigens) on the surface of red blood cells. The four main blood groups are A, B, AB, and O. Additionally, the Rh factor (Rhesus factor) refers to another antigen present on red blood cells, which can be either positive (Rh+) or negative (Rh-). Combining ABO blood group typing with Rh factor determination provides crucial information for blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and prenatal care. Blood compatibility is essential to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions. For example, individuals with blood type O are universal donors, while those with blood type AB are universal recipients. The Rh factor is particularly significant during pregnancy, as Rh incompatibility between a mother and her fetus can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) if the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.